Gieohột giống. Germination

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Gieohột giống. Germination

Postby justfun » 16 Jan 2009

Hiện nay với cao trào “Organic” nhiều người chịu trả giá gấp 2-3 để mua những quả cà, trái bầu trái bí một cách phí phạm vì chính họ có thể tự trồng một cách dễ dàng và bảo đảm ( không có tý ty phân hóa học).

Trước nhất phải mua loại hột giống có chữ “Organic”

Ngâm hột trong một ly nược lọc đun sôi để khử vi khuẩn ( dùng ngón tay để thử độ nóng trước khi ngâm hạt) một hai ngày. Nếu hột nào nổi thì bỏ đi.

Đất để ương :

1 Mua loại Seed Start giá khoảng 4$ cho 8 quart.
2 Tự mình pha chế ( 4 parts peat, 2 parts perlite, 2 parts vermiculite ) Nhớ mua loại đã pasteurized tức khử trùng. Mua ở những nơi có bán phân và đất.
3 Tự mình pha chế (1 Bushel of soil (screened and pasteurized)
1 Bushel of Fisons Sunshine "Ready-to-Use" Peat Moss (screened)
1 Bushel of Turface (pre-moisten with 2 gallons of warm water)
4 Loại sẵn sang để trồng gốm một cái Tray hứng nước một cái tray chứa hột đã có sẵn đất trồng dưới dạng ép khô và một cái tray trong để đạy.

Vật để trồng: ( Chậu,Container)

1 Ly bằng giấy, bằng plastic, bằng foam.
2 Pot bán sẵng bằng giấy , bằng plastic
Tất cả nếu chưa có lỗ cho nước thoát thì bạn phải soi lỗ nếu không hạt bị ủng nước mà chết.

Cách ương:

Đổ đất ương vào các ly hay các pot.
Đổ hạt giống vào cái tray có lót giấy lau tay. Đợi 5, 10 phút cho hạt giống khô nước ( có thể dùng quạt.)
Dùng nhíp (Tweezer ) gắp nhẹ nhẹ và ấn vào trong đất, phương pháp này dùng cho loại hột nhỏ (Vì vậy đất và hộp phải khô hoặc ráo nước) hột lớn cứ dùng tay rồi ấn xuống từ ½ inch tới ¼ inch và đất cùng hột không cần khô. Nếu có dư hột thì nên trồng 2-3 hột một chậu, khi cây đã có 2-3 lá thì cắt bỏ cây èo ọp.

Tưới nước:

Tùy loại hột, càng nhỏ thì dùng nguồn nước nhỏ tưới để hột không trôi và xê dịch ( dùng loại phun nước để ủi quần áo)

Lưu trữ:

Điều kiện ắc có và đủ để cho hột nảy mầm là :
1 Ẩm ướt
2 Ánh sang.
3 Nhiệt độ.

Chính vì vậy mà bạn nên bỏ chúng vào một cái thùng nhựa trong để ánh sáng lọt vào tứ phía ( Tôi mua ở Costco giá 16$ cho 3 cái, mỗi cái có thể chứa 24 cái ly 8 Oz).

Để tạo mùa hè cho hạt giống bạn nên sáng mang phơi nắng, chiều mang vô nhà , chắc chắn các hạt giống của bạn nó sẽ “Happy” và nảy mầm 80-100%. (Bạn thường nghe hiện tượng Green House? Đây là thí dụ, nhiệt độ trong thùng luôn luôn hơn nhiệt độ ngoài 10-20 độ do đó cẩn thận vì cây ương có thể bị cháy, nếu thời tiết bất chợt quá nóng).

Khi nào thời tiết hết lạnh và ít nhât cây phải có 4 – 5 lá trở lên bạn có thể mang trồng.

Một cách tôi chưa thử nhưng bào đảm thành công đó là ủ hột. Chúng ta chắc chắn 99% điều có ăn giá sống hay giá chụm, họ dùng phương pháp ủ hôt.

Bạn dùng một cái khay (Tray) bằng foam mà khi bạn mua cá, mua thịt hay bánh cuốn bánh bèo v. v. Rửa sạch, dùng giấy lau tay hay giấc toilet trải lên, đổ nươc cho ướt xủng (một ly nươc sôi để nguội , pha them một muỗn B1).
Rải hột lên và kiểm soát hột phải ¾ nằm trên giấy ướt bởi hột không nước sẽ chết.
Dùng giấy plastic bọc thức ăn bọc và sánh phơi nắng chiều mang vô nhà.
Tùy loại hạt độ nảy mầm khác nhau.
Khi hột nảy mầm bạn bỏ và container và phủ một lớp đất ¼-3/4 inch.
Bỏ chúng vô thùng nhựa trong và sang phơi chiều cất vô nhà.

Chúc các bạn thành công.

Bonus 1 :

Một vài loại Cucumber nên trồng :

Yamato, Suyo, Tasty King, Sweeter Yet, Armenian, Sweet Hybrid (không hột, tôi có trồng và cố tình để cho nó già nhưng khi bổ ra chỉ toàn hột lép không thể trồng).

Bonus 2:

GARDEN LOAM POTTING SOIL
• Pass the garden loam through a 1/4 in (0.6 cm) sieve
• Warm oven to 180 degrees F (82 C) for 10 minutes
• Place on center rack
• Place foil over tray and make sure the soil reaches the above temperature. Use a meat thermometer
Potting soils using garden loam
• Potting soils should be placed through a sieve of the defined size:
• Loam=3/8 in (1 cm)
• Peat=3/8 in (1 cm)
Sharp Sand=1/8 in (3 mm) NOTE: do not use builder sand. Make sure the same is washed thoughly
John Innes Potting Compost
JI #1 Base
7 parts sterilized loam
3 parts peat
2 parts sand or grit
Fertilizer: 4 oz / 8 gallons (3 grams / liter)
Lime or chalk: 3/4 oz / 8 gallons ( 0.5 grams / liter)

JI #2 Base: Same as 1 but double the Fertilizer and chalk
JI #3 Base: Same as 1 but triple the Fertilizer and chalk
JI Seed compost: The fresher the sterilization, the better the germination
2 parts sterilized loam
1 part moss peat
1 part sharp sand
The loam and peat is put through in 3/8 in (9mm) sieve.
To each bushel or 8gal(36 L) is added:
1-2 oz (42gm) superphosphate
1/2 oz Potassium nitrate
4-6 oz (21gm) ground limestone
Ericaceous Mix: Use the base but leave out the Lime
Soilless: 3 parts peat and 1 part sand
Potting Compost: (same as above)
7 parts sterilized loam
3 parts moss peat
2 parts sharp sand
The loam and peat is put through a 3/8 in (9mm) sieve.
To each bushel (8gal/36l) is added
3/4oz (21gm) ground limestone
4oz (110gm) 14-14-14 Osmocote
This makes John Innes Potting Compost No. 1.
For a richer mix simply double the quantity of
John Innes Base to make No. 2 or treble it to
make No.3
Potting Soil Recipes and Soil Reconditioning
Orchid Potting Mix
1 part peat moss
6 parts fir bark
1 part medium grade charcoal

Potting Soil Recipes and Soil Reconditioning

Cacti Potting Mix
1 part compost
3 parts pumice or grit
1 part coarse builders sad
1 part of fine silt
Seed Starting
4 parts peat
2 parts perlite
2 parts vermiculite

Seed Mix 2
1 Bushel of soil (screened and pasteurized)
1 Bushel of Fisons Sunshine "Ready-to-Use" Peat Moss (screened)
1 Bushel of Turface (pre-moisten with 2 gallons of warm water)
Add:
Superphosphate
Dolomite GSAG
Truban EC 25%(Fungicide) Per Bushel
42.8 gms
21.4 gms 3 Bushels
128.4 gms
64.2 gms
2.0 mls

Alpine Potting Mix
9 parts coarse sand
5 parts peat
4 part pumice

Pumice is also used as the top dressing and to provide extra bottom drainage. Provide encapsulated slow-release fertilizer with minor trace elements once a year and repot yearly.
Alpine Potting Mix 2
All the plant material coming into the Botanical Garden nursery, whether it is seed, cutting or bare root material, is grown in these mixes and the nursery has a 60-70% success rate of all these plant materials.
4 Bushels of Lakeland coarse peat (to be measured)
4 Bushels of Turface -3 bags
3.3 Bushels of Aqua sand (AE3) -4 bags
2 Bushels of screened pasteurized soil (15%)
Add by weight
Dolomite 65AG;
Micromax
Aqua-Gro `G'
Osmocote 18-6-12 390 gms
315 gms
340 gms
1250 gms


Shade Potting Mix
George Schenk's recipe for the ideal soil for growing plants in shade.
1 part humus (compost, peat, leaf mold, etc.)
1 part sand
2 parts loamy soil (builder's or riverside)


Shade Potting Mix
George Schenk's recipe for the ideal soil for growing plants in shade.
1 part humus (compost, peat, leaf mold, etc.)
1 part sand
2 parts loamy soil (builder's or riverside)

A. Knutson Potting mix


Cuttings: I use composted manure mixed with sawdust to root cuttings in -- it works great; don't need rooting hormones.

I use a a 50:50 vermiculite/peat mix to start seeds

Transplants and containers: 1/3 composted manure, 1/3 sandy loam, 1/3 peat moss
CORNELL POTTING MIXES
From Hobby Greenhouses in Alberta
Agdex 731-5

The Cornell peat-Lite Mix* is formulated for growing topical plants. The Foliage Plant Mix ** and the Epiphytic Mix** formulas are adapted specifically for their respective plant types and are modifications of the original peat-lite mix.
Cornell has used Osmocote 14-14-14 and Peters 14-7-7 fertilizers with the tropical plant mixes with good results. Other fertilizers are omitted with the exception of dolomitic limestone and 20 per cent superphosphate which are added to adjust the pH and to maintain adequate phosphorus levels. A trace element mix is added to assure a balance of minor elements. Trace element mixes can be purchased from specialty gardening centers.
* "Cornell Tropical Plant Mixes" by Russel C. Mott
**L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Cornell Peat-lite Mix
Mix 1/2 cubic meter each of sphagnum peat moss and perlite or vermiculite. Add 6kg dolomitic limestone, 2.4 kg ammonium nitrate, 1.5 kg superphosphate, and 0.3 kg potassium chloride (omit if using vermiculite).
Cornell Foliage Plant Mix
The Cornell Foliage Plant Mix was developed for those plant that need a growing medium with high moisture-retention characteristics. Plants having a fine root system or possessing many fine root hairs are included in this group.
Material 1 cubic meter
Sphagnum peat moss (screened 1/2 inch mesh) 0.5
Horticultural vermiculite (No. 2) 0.25
Perlite (medium grade) 0.25
Ground dolomitic limestone 4.9 kg
Superphosphate 20% (powdered) 1.2 kg
Fertilizer (10-10-10) 1.6 kg
Iron sulfate 0.4 kg
Potassium nitrate (14-0-44) 0.6 kg
Granular wetting agent 0.9 kg
Cornell Epiphytic Mix
The Cornell Epiphytic Mix was developed for plants that require good drainage, aeration and have the ability to withstand drying between warterings. Plants having coarse, tuberous, or rhizomatous roots are in this category.
Material 1 cubic meter
Sphagnum peat moss (screened 1/2 inch mesh) 0.33
Douglas, red or white fir bark* (about 0.5 cm size) 0.33
Perlite (medium grade) 0.25
Ground dolomitic limestone 4.2 kg
Superphosphate 20% (powdered) 2.7 kg
Fertilizer (10-10-10) 1.5 kg
Iron sulfate 0.3 kg
Potassium nitrate (14-0-44) 0.5 kg
Granular wetting agent 0.9 kg
* Fir bark comes from Douglas fir, white or red fir, or redwood, ground and screened to a definite size. Finally ground bark (about 0.5 cm) has a dry weight of about 200 g per liter cube. Fresh bark has a pH of about 5.0. Upon weathering, it becomes slightly more alkaline. The bark contains some nutrients, but these will not meet the requirements of growing plants.
CORNELL MIXES
From Hobby Greenhouses in Alberta
Agdex 731-5
The Cornell peat-Lite Mix* is formulated for growing topical plants. The Foliage Plant Mix ** and the Epiphytic Mix** formulas are adapted specifically for their respective plant types and are modifications of the original peat-lite mix.
Cornell has used Osmocote 14-14-14 and Peters 14-7-7 fertilizers with the tropical plant mixes with good results. Other fertilizers are omitted with the exception of dolomitic limestone and 20 per cent superphosphate which are added to adjust the pH and to maintain adequate phosphorus levels. A trace element mix is added to assure a balance of minor elements. Trace element mixes can be purchased from specialty gardening centers.
* "Cornell Tropical Plant Mixes" by Russel C. Mott
**L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Cornell Peat-lite Mix
Mix 1/2 cubic meter each of sphagnum peat moss and perlite or vermiculite. Add 6kg dolomitic limestone, 2.4 kg ammonium nitrate, 1.5 kg superphosphate, and 0.3 kg potassium chloride (omit if using vermiculite).
ORNELL MIXES
From Hobby Greenhouses in Alberta
Agdex 731-5
The Cornell peat-Lite Mix* is formulated for growing topical plants. The Foliage Plant Mix ** and the Epiphytic Mix** formulas are adapted specifically for their respective plant types and are modifications of the original peat-lite mix.
Cornell has used Osmocote 14-14-14 and Peters 14-7-7 fertilizers with the tropical plant mixes with good results. Other fertilizers are omitted with the exception of dolomitic limestone and 20 per cent superphosphate which are added to adjust the pH and to maintain adequate phosphorus levels. A trace element mix is added to assure a balance of minor elements. Trace element mixes can be purchased from specialty gardening centers.
* "Cornell Tropical Plant Mixes" by Russel C. Mott
**L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Cornell Foliage Plant Mix
The Cornell Foliage Plant Mix was developed for those plant that need a growing medium with high moisture-retention characteristics. Plants having a fine root system or possessing many fine root hairs are included in this group.
Material 1 cubic meter
Sphagnum peat moss (screened 1/2 inch mesh) 0.5
Horticultural vermiculite (No. 2) 0.25
Perlite (medium grade) 0.25
Ground dolomitic limestone 4.9 kg
Superphosphate 20% (powdered) 1.2 kg
Fertilizer (10-10-10) 1.6 kg
Iron sulfate 0.4 kg
Potassium nitrate (14-0-44) 0.6 kg
Granular wetting agent 0.9 kg

CORNELL MIXES
From Hobby Greenhouses in Alberta
Agdex 731-5
The Cornell peat-Lite Mix* is formulated for growing topical plants. The Foliage Plant Mix ** and the Epiphytic Mix** formulas are adapted specifically for their respective plant types and are modifications of the original peat-lite mix.
Cornell has used Osmocote 14-14-14 and Peters 14-7-7 fertilizers with the tropical plant mixes with good results. Other fertilizers are omitted with the exception of dolomitic limestone and 20 per cent superphosphate which are added to adjust the pH and to maintain adequate phosphorus levels. A trace element mix is added to assure a balance of minor elements. Trace element mixes can be purchased from specialty gardening centers.
* "Cornell Tropical Plant Mixes" by Russel C. Mott
**L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Cornell Epiphytic Mix
The Cornell Epiphytic Mix was developed for plants that require good drainage, aeration and have the ability to withstand drying between warterings. Plants having coarse, tuberous, or rhizomatous roots are in this category.
Material 1 cubic meter
Sphagnum peat moss (screened 1/2 inch mesh) 0.33
Douglas, red or white fir bark* (about 0.5 cm size) 0.33
Perlite (medium grade) 0.25
Ground dolomitic limestone 4.2 kg
Superphosphate 20% (powdered) 2.7 kg
Fertilizer (10-10-10) 1.5 kg
Iron sulfate 0.3 kg
Potassium nitrate (14-0-44) 0.5 kg
Granular wetting agent 0.9 kg
* Fir bark comes from Douglas fir, white or red fir, or redwood, ground and screened to a definite size. Finally ground bark (about 0.5 cm) has a dry weight of about 200 g per liter cube. Fresh bark has a pH of about 5.0. Upon weathering, it becomes slightly more alkaline. The bark contains some nutrients, but these will not meet the requirements of growing plants.
Standard Potting Mix
1.5 Bales of Lakeland Coarse Peat
2 Bags of Supreme Perlite
1 Bag of Turface
Total: 9.75 Bushels
6.00 Bushels
1.50 Bushels
17.0 Bushels
Add by weight:
Dolomite GS AG;
Micromax
Aquagro `G'
Osmocote 18-6-12 950 gms (56 gm per bushel)
515 gms (30 gm per bushel)
515 gms (30 gm per bushel)
2390 gms(140 gm per bushel)High
Rate 1595 gms (94 gm per bushel) Low
Rate:
High rate-Late spring and summer potting of general nursery stock, until August 15.
Low rate-Potting of Ericaceous plants or general nursery stock after August 15.
For Seedlings and Small Container Stock (21/4", 3", 4") Add 3 bushels of screened, pasteurized soil to a standard potting mix to make it 15% soil and use low rate of osmocote 18-6-12.

Potting Soils

Potting | Re-Potting | Soils | Ventilation

If your collection of houseplants is small, the matter of soil need not greatly concern you. Your florist or a local greenhouse will supply the correct mixture at a reasonable price. It's easier to buy a few bushels of earth for potting than it is to mix your own. On the other hand, as interest and the number of plants increase, you will probably want to give the matter more consideration and make sure that each plant has its roots buried in the kind of soil most agreeable to the species.
In The Garden Dictionary..' which, by the way, ought be in every gardener's possession. They cover all types of plants likely to be cultivated in the house. Mixtures 3 and 6, in particular, cover a wide range of requirements. In subsequent descriptions of plants, number will make reference to potting mixtures.
Potting Mixture 1
• For potting rooted cuttings started in sand
• 2 parts sharp sand
• 1 part loam
• 1 part leaf mold (or peat moss for acid tolerant plants)
Potting Mixture 2:
For transplanted seedlings and for cuttings when moved from Mixture 1
• 2 part sharp sand
• 1 part loam
• 1 part leaf mold
Potting Mixture 3
For general potting, especially for such plants as the garden geranium, fuchsias, chrysanthemums, Sansevieria, Pandanus, palms, etc.
• 1 part sharp sand
• 2 parts loam
• 1 part leaf mold or humus
• 1/2 part dried cow manure
• 1 5-inch flower pot full of bone meal to each bushel of the mixture
Potting Mixture 4
For plants requiring more humus than in Mixture 3, such as begonias, many ferns, primulas, etc.
• 2 parts sharp sand
• 2 parts loam
• 2 parts leaf mold or humus 1/2 part dried cow manure
• 1 5-inch flower pot full of bone meal to each bushel of the mixture
Potting Mixture 5
For potting many hardwoodcd plants such as azaleas, Ericas,Daphne, and certain ferns
• 2 parts sharp sand
• 2 parts loam
• 2 parts peat moss
• 1 part leaf mold or humus
• 1/3 part dried cow manure
Potting Mixture 6
For most cacti and succulents
• 2 parts sharp sand
• 2 parts loam
• 1 part broken flower pots or soft brick broken into small pieces
• 1/2 part leaf mold or humus
• 1 5-inch flower pot of bone meal to each bushel of the mixture
• 1 5-inch flower pot of limestone (ground) to each bushel of the mixture
With material for preparing these mixtures on hand in the garage or tool shed you are ready for any eventualities as potting is concerned. Irrespective of the labor it is a source of great satisfaction to the deeply interested gardener to know that he is giving his plants the best start; and the plants show their appreciation with foliage and more numerous blossoms.
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justfun
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